Notes For Reference:-

Species, Varieties, or Forms in the Genus Frangula:

Frangula crenata / Isonoki

Frangula crenata / Isonoki イソノキ

Frangula crenata,   a deciduous shrub with gray-brown bark that grows up to 4m in height, occurs in field and mountain wetlands. Leaves are alternate; blades are 6-12cm long, 2.5-5cm wide, long oblong, with tips shortly pointed, bases being circular or obtuse, margins with shallow serrations, 6-10 pairs of veins dentate toward the lower surfaces, and 5-10mm petioles. Axils on the upper part's branches bear cymes, each with small, yellow-green flowers approximately 5 mm in diameter; the sepals and petals are 5, respectively. The sepals are erect, and the petals are smaller than the sepals. Pistil's styles cleft shallowly in three. Bloom time: June-July.